NERDG 2026
Abstracts for ARA Presentations
Presenter 1: Richa Trivedi
Structural Basis of Drug Binding to Human Cytochrome P450 2C9: Insights into the Impact of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism.
Affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
Abstract:
The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-thiolate monooxygenases involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. A total of 57 functional genes make up the human CYP superfamily. Of these, families 1, 2, and 3 play a key role in the chemical breakdown of xenobiotics and several endogenous compounds. The CYP2 gene family with 13 subfamilies is one of the largest P450 families that includes four human isoforms namely CYP2C8, 2C9, 2C18, and 2C19. The CYP2C9 enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of a wide range of drugs, accounting for around 15% of therapeutic medicines that include anticoagulant warfarin, antihypertensive losartan, antidiabetic glimepiride, and analgesic ibuprofen. CYP2C9 is a highly polymorphic enzyme with more than 85 genetic variations identified thus far. The CYP2C9*2 allelic variant, found in different populations, represents amino acid substitution at position 144 from arginine to cysteine. Compared to the wild type, the patients possessing the CYP2C9*2 allele illustrate significantly less intrinsic metabolic activity towards various drug substrates leading to increased blood concentrations of the drug and potential toxicity. Such toxicity can further exacerbate due to co-administered drugs that are inhibitors of CYP2C9. Using structural, biophysical, and functional studies, the aim is to determine how CYP2C9*2 interacts with the substrate Siponimod, a drug used to treat multiple sclerosis and elucidate the impact of a CYP2C9 inhibitor Fluconazole. Recombinant protein expression and purification of CYP2C9*2 was carried out followed by crystallization in the presence and absence of the drug Siponimod or Fluconazole. Structure of CYP2C9*2-fluconazole complex solved using X-ray crystallography illustrated the binding of an inhibitor in the active site of the enzyme. Additionally, computational approaches were employed that showed the differences in binding of Siponimod to the wild type and the *2 structure. Isothermal titration calorimetry and enzymatic assays are in progress to determine the affinity and function of *2 variant compared to the wild type. Overall, the goal is to elucidate the binding of the drug substrate Siponimod and an inhibitor Fluconazole to CYP2C9*2 that will aid in understanding the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in human CYP2C9 enzyme.
Key Words:
Cytochrome P450, CYP2C9, Siponimod, Fluconazole, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, X-ray crystallography, structural biology.
Presenter 2: Luke Burroughs
Scalable Continuous Manufacturing of Multi-drug Liposomes: Tuning Size and PDI via Post-loading
Affiliation: University of Connecticut
Abstract:
Continuous manufacturing (CM) offers scalability and rapid parameter optimization often lacking in batch liposome production. This study investigates a complete CM platform to produce multi-drug loaded liposomes (Paclitaxel and Docetaxel) and evaluates the feasibility of post-loading surface modifiers to control particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). The goal is to enable the manufacturing of highly monodisperse, multi-drug formulations with improved translational potential.
Liposomes were produced on a full CM platform which includes particle formation, dilution, buffer exchange, concentration, and post-loading/surface modification. Particle formation used a coaxial turbulent jet in co-flow with ethanol injection. Critical process parameters (i.e temperature and flow rate) were modulated to target a size range of 30–150 nm. Co-loading efficiency was evaluated using formulations containing HSPC:Chol:PEG2k with Paclitaxel (PTX), Docetaxel (DTX), or both. Post-loading surface modification (using various PEG lipids, DSPG, and Lyso-PCs) was assessed across scales using a heated sonication bath (small scale) and the integrated CM platform (large scale). Physiochemical properties were characterized via online PAT, DLS, and UPLC-CAD.
Stable multi-drug liposomes were successfully generated in sets between 30–150 nm. Optimization of cholesterol content reduced PDI to <0.05 for extremely monodisperse particles for all cargo combinations (PTX+DTX, PTX, DTX, and blank). While lipid post-loading on average increased particle size by 5-20nm and PDI by 0-0.05, the total PDI was lower compared to PEG insertion during initial particle formation with certain lipid formulations and optimized solvent conditions (aqueous vs. ethanolic). Ethanol post-loading solutions disrupted the size distribution, while aqueous solutions maintained their particle size and PDI across a range of temperatures (23-80°C) and continuous processing times.
The continuous manufacturing platform successfully demonstrated scalable production of co-loaded taxane liposomes with tunable sizes. Post-loading PEG offers a viable mechanism for improving surface properties, particle size, and reducing PDI particularly under aqueous conditions. The CM approach enables the rapid optimization of complex parenteral formulations suitable for small and large scale manufacturing.
The authors acknowledge the University of Connecticut Pfizer Distinguished Chair Funds and the University of Connecticut, Singiser Fellowship (to LB) for supporting this research.
Key Words:
Continuous Manufacturing, Liposomes, Multi-drug loading, Surface modification
Presenter 3: Himaxi Patel
Angiopep anchored PROTAC Nanotherapy for Glioblastoma using Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry
Affiliation: St. John's University
Abstract:
Glioblastoma(GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer, with a median survival of 12–15 months, accounting for nearly 50% of malignant brain tumors. Limitations of current medicine necessitate an investigation of novel therapeutic targets. A1874, a Proteolysis Targeting Chimera(PROTAC) selectively degrades key oncoproteins of GBM i.e. BRD4 and MDM2 by recruiting them to an E3 ligase, offering significant advantage over inhibitors. Being heterobifunctional, beyond the rule of 5 molecule(bRo5), it poses significant challenges in solubility, absorption and brain permeation. This research aimed to develop a ligand directed conjugation-based delivery approach using Angiopep-2, low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein-1(LRP1) targeting peptide, to enhance the intracellular delivery of PROTAC. The major objectives include:(1) To evaluate anticancer efficacy of A1874 in Glioblastoma (2) To develop and evaluate angiopep-2 anchored A1874 nanoliposomes(AA2L) using click chemistry.
Preliminary in vitro studies evaluated the anticancer efficacy of A1874 in temozolomide-sensitive(U-87MG) and temozolomide-resistant(U-87MG/TR) glioblastoma cells. Cytotoxicity assays were used to determine IC₅₀ values. PROTAC-loaded DBCO-functionalized liposomes(A2L) were formulated using pro-liposomal nano-milling approach, followed by Angiopep-2 conjugation via copper-free SPAAC click-chemistry at optimized molar ratios to fabricate AA2L. Particle size and zeta potential were evaluated using Malvern zetasizer. Cellular uptake of AA2L was qualitatively assessed in LRP1-expressing glioblastoma and brain endothelial cells. Ongoing studies include permeability assay and multicellular 3D spheroids model of brain cancer cells.
In vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrated anticancer activity of A1874 in U-87MG and U-87MG/TR cells with IC50 value <0.6±1.56μM. For the liposomal formulation with active drug loading, A2L exhibited a particle size/PDI of 138.3/0.222 nm and a ζ-potential of -21.8 mV, respectively. Conjugation reaction of A2L and Angiopep-2 was carried out at physiological pH, resulting in efficient conjugation at 2:1 molar ratio, confirmed by SDS-PAGE chromatography. Fluorescence-based cellular uptake studies demonstrated enhanced uptake of AA2L in LRP1 receptor overexpressing U-87 MG and bEnd.3 cells.
This work demonstrates ligand-mediated PROTAC conjugation is a rational strategy for delivering bRo5 degraders. Bioorthogonal click chemistry enables the functionalization of Angiopep-2, supporting further development of brain-targeted PROTAC therapeutics.
Key Words:
PROTAC, Angiopep-2, Click Chemistry, Targeted Nanotherapy, Glioblastoma
Presenter 4: Mansi More
Nanovesicles in Broccoli Sprouts for Targeted and Enhanced Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Affiliation: Western New England University
Abstract:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable gastrointestinal disorder. Dietary bioactives such as those from broccoli sprouts have limited application in IBD prevention and management, partly due to their instability in the GI tract and/or inadequate transit into inflammation. This study aimed to investigate if broccoli sprout-derived exosome (BSDExo) can protect bioactives from the upper GI environment and confer selectively targeted delivery of bioactives.
Microparticles and nanoscale exosomes were isolated from broccoli sprout juice by sequential centrifugation. Particle size, polydispersity, and morphology were assessed via dynamic light scattering and SEM. Sulforaphane (SFN) content and release at pH 1.5 and 7.4 were quantified by LC–MS/MS. Surface markers were profiled using an exosome-specific antibody array. Functional studies were performed in normal colon CCD841 CoN, cancer cancer HT-29, HCT-116, Caco-2 cell lines, and mice, assessing cell viability, inflammation-dependent uptake, cytokine secretion, and epithelial barrier integrity.
BSDExo exhibited a mean diameter of 40.1 ± 17.2 nm with spherical morphology and expressed conserved exosomal proteins. They protected sulforaphane (SFN) from degradation under gastric (pH 1.5) and intestinal (pH 7.4) conditions, where SFN release remained below 20% over 12 h. BSDExo significantly promoted the proliferation of normal CCD841 CoN colon epithelial cells at 25 ng/mL, yet did not stimulate growth of colon cancer HT-29, HCT-116, and Caco-2 cells. BSDExo internalization was markedly increased under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced inflammation, in both normal CCD841 and Caco-2 cells. In DSS-induced colitis mice, orally administered fluorescent BSDExo exhibited higher retention in the inflamed colon compared with healthy controls. Stimulation of CCD841 cells with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), LPS, or DSS significantly elevated IL-8 secretion, whereas BSDExo treatment suppressed IL-8 levels and restored them toward non-inflamed baseline. BSDExo also improved epithelial barrier integrity, significantly increasing transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in CCD841 monolayers compromised by LPS or DSS, supporting a role in barrier repair.
Broccoli sprout–derived exosomes constitute an edible nanocarrier system that protect sulforaphane, preferentially interacts with inflamed colon epithelium, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, and promotes epithelial barrier recovery, supporting their development as diet-based nanomedicines for IBD management.
Key Words:
Broccoli sprout, nanomedicine, exosome, targeted delivery, sulforaphane, inflammatory bowel disease
Presenter 5: Sushil Joshi
More Than Digestion: Alternative In Vitro Methods for Evaluating Lipid-Based Formulations
Affiliation: University of Connecticut
Abstract:
Lipid-based formulations (LBFs) represent a vital strategy for formulating the drugs with very low solubility and permeability. However, predicting the in vivo performance of LBFs using in vitro methods remains challenging, thereby hindering their development. A widely used approach is in vitro digestion; while this method performs well for certain formulations, it has notable limitations, including incomplete lipid digestion and dependence on particle size, which can lead to misleading results. To address these unmet needs, in this present study, we systematically evaluated the performance of danazol LBFs using alternative in vitro methods. A range of formulations with varying lipid content, digestibility, and dispersibility was selected from literature, from which corresponding dog bioavailability data were available. Composite digestion media were prepared to assess the equilibrium solubility and precipitation potential of the drug within each formulation. Good agreement was obtained between in vitro results and in vivo data for all formulations except one Gelucire-based formulation. An oil-rich phase was found to form in the presence of excessive long-chain fatty acids, acting as a drug reservoir and effectively reducing precipitation. Owing to preferential drug partitioning into this oil-rich phase, the aqueous drug concentration was reduced, rendering evaluations based solely on aqueous drug concentrations ineffective. The discrepancies observed for the Gelucire formulation were attributed to the absence of an oil-rich phase. To address this, a decanol layer was introduced to create an absorptive sink, which subsequently reduced drug precipitation and resulted in improved agreement with in vivo findings. Overall, the results from this study highlight the critical role of different phases, particularly the oil-rich phase formed after lipid digestion, in determining LBF performance. The solubility and precipitation screening using composite media provides a more holistic assessment of drug distribution across pellet, oil, and the aqueous phase, and may offer improved predictive capability compared to conventional dispersion and digestion methods.
Key Words:
Lipid based formulations, In vitro digestion, Bioavailability, Composite digestion media, Danazol, Gelucire.
Abstracts for ARA Presentations
Presenter 1: Richa Trivedi
Structural Basis of Drug Binding to Human Cytochrome P450 2C9: Insights into the Impact of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism.
Affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 106 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
Abstract:
The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-thiolate monooxygenases involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. A total of 57 functional genes make up the human CYP superfamily. Of these, families 1, 2, and 3 play a key role in the chemical breakdown of xenobiotics and several endogenous compounds. The CYP2 gene family with 13 subfamilies is one of the largest P450 families that includes four human isoforms namely CYP2C8, 2C9, 2C18, and 2C19. The CYP2C9 enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of a wide range of drugs, accounting for around 15% of therapeutic medicines that include anticoagulant warfarin, antihypertensive losartan, antidiabetic glimepiride, and analgesic ibuprofen. CYP2C9 is a highly polymorphic enzyme with more than 85 genetic variations identified thus far. The CYP2C9*2 allelic variant, found in different populations, represents amino acid substitution at position 144 from arginine to cysteine. Compared to the wild type, the patients possessing the CYP2C9*2 allele illustrate significantly less intrinsic metabolic activity towards various drug substrates leading to increased blood concentrations of the drug and potential toxicity. Such toxicity can further exacerbate due to co-administered drugs that are inhibitors of CYP2C9. Using structural, biophysical, and functional studies, the aim is to determine how CYP2C9*2 interacts with the substrate Siponimod, a drug used to treat multiple sclerosis and elucidate the impact of a CYP2C9 inhibitor Fluconazole. Recombinant protein expression and purification of CYP2C9*2 was carried out followed by crystallization in the presence and absence of the drug Siponimod or Fluconazole. Structure of CYP2C9*2-fluconazole complex solved using X-ray crystallography illustrated the binding of an inhibitor in the active site of the enzyme. Additionally, computational approaches were employed that showed the differences in binding of Siponimod to the wild type and the *2 structure. Isothermal titration calorimetry and enzymatic assays are in progress to determine the affinity and function of *2 variant compared to the wild type. Overall, the goal is to elucidate the binding of the drug substrate Siponimod and an inhibitor Fluconazole to CYP2C9*2 that will aid in understanding the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in human CYP2C9 enzyme.
Key Words:
Cytochrome P450, CYP2C9, Siponimod, Fluconazole, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, X-ray crystallography, structural biology.
Presenter 2: Luke Burroughs
Scalable Continuous Manufacturing of Multi-drug Liposomes: Tuning Size and PDI via Post-loading
Affiliation: University of Connecticut
Abstract:
Continuous manufacturing (CM) offers scalability and rapid parameter optimization often lacking in batch liposome production. This study investigates a complete CM platform to produce multi-drug loaded liposomes (Paclitaxel and Docetaxel) and evaluates the feasibility of post-loading surface modifiers to control particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). The goal is to enable the manufacturing of highly monodisperse, multi-drug formulations with improved translational potential.
Liposomes were produced on a full CM platform which includes particle formation, dilution, buffer exchange, concentration, and post-loading/surface modification. Particle formation used a coaxial turbulent jet in co-flow with ethanol injection. Critical process parameters (i.e temperature and flow rate) were modulated to target a size range of 30–150 nm. Co-loading efficiency was evaluated using formulations containing HSPC:Chol:PEG2k with Paclitaxel (PTX), Docetaxel (DTX), or both. Post-loading surface modification (using various PEG lipids, DSPG, and Lyso-PCs) was assessed across scales using a heated sonication bath (small scale) and the integrated CM platform (large scale). Physiochemical properties were characterized via online PAT, DLS, and UPLC-CAD.
Stable multi-drug liposomes were successfully generated in sets between 30–150 nm. Optimization of cholesterol content reduced PDI to <0.05 for extremely monodisperse particles for all cargo combinations (PTX+DTX, PTX, DTX, and blank). While lipid post-loading on average increased particle size by 5-20nm and PDI by 0-0.05, the total PDI was lower compared to PEG insertion during initial particle formation with certain lipid formulations and optimized solvent conditions (aqueous vs. ethanolic). Ethanol post-loading solutions disrupted the size distribution, while aqueous solutions maintained their particle size and PDI across a range of temperatures (23-80°C) and continuous processing times.
The continuous manufacturing platform successfully demonstrated scalable production of co-loaded taxane liposomes with tunable sizes. Post-loading PEG offers a viable mechanism for improving surface properties, particle size, and reducing PDI particularly under aqueous conditions. The CM approach enables the rapid optimization of complex parenteral formulations suitable for small and large scale manufacturing.
The authors acknowledge the University of Connecticut Pfizer Distinguished Chair Funds and the University of Connecticut, Singiser Fellowship (to LB) for supporting this research.
Key Words:
Continuous Manufacturing, Liposomes, Multi-drug loading, Surface modification
Presenter 3: Himaxi Patel
Angiopep anchored PROTAC Nanotherapy for Glioblastoma using Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry
Affiliation: St. John's University
Abstract:
Glioblastoma(GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer, with a median survival of 12–15 months, accounting for nearly 50% of malignant brain tumors. Limitations of current medicine necessitate an investigation of novel therapeutic targets. A1874, a Proteolysis Targeting Chimera(PROTAC) selectively degrades key oncoproteins of GBM i.e. BRD4 and MDM2 by recruiting them to an E3 ligase, offering significant advantage over inhibitors. Being heterobifunctional, beyond the rule of 5 molecule(bRo5), it poses significant challenges in solubility, absorption and brain permeation. This research aimed to develop a ligand directed conjugation-based delivery approach using Angiopep-2, low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein-1(LRP1) targeting peptide, to enhance the intracellular delivery of PROTAC. The major objectives include:(1) To evaluate anticancer efficacy of A1874 in Glioblastoma (2) To develop and evaluate angiopep-2 anchored A1874 nanoliposomes(AA2L) using click chemistry.
Preliminary in vitro studies evaluated the anticancer efficacy of A1874 in temozolomide-sensitive(U-87MG) and temozolomide-resistant(U-87MG/TR) glioblastoma cells. Cytotoxicity assays were used to determine IC₅₀ values. PROTAC-loaded DBCO-functionalized liposomes(A2L) were formulated using pro-liposomal nano-milling approach, followed by Angiopep-2 conjugation via copper-free SPAAC click-chemistry at optimized molar ratios to fabricate AA2L. Particle size and zeta potential were evaluated using Malvern zetasizer. Cellular uptake of AA2L was qualitatively assessed in LRP1-expressing glioblastoma and brain endothelial cells. Ongoing studies include permeability assay and multicellular 3D spheroids model of brain cancer cells.
In vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrated anticancer activity of A1874 in U-87MG and U-87MG/TR cells with IC50 value <0.6±1.56μM. For the liposomal formulation with active drug loading, A2L exhibited a particle size/PDI of 138.3/0.222 nm and a ζ-potential of -21.8 mV, respectively. Conjugation reaction of A2L and Angiopep-2 was carried out at physiological pH, resulting in efficient conjugation at 2:1 molar ratio, confirmed by SDS-PAGE chromatography. Fluorescence-based cellular uptake studies demonstrated enhanced uptake of AA2L in LRP1 receptor overexpressing U-87 MG and bEnd.3 cells.
This work demonstrates ligand-mediated PROTAC conjugation is a rational strategy for delivering bRo5 degraders. Bioorthogonal click chemistry enables the functionalization of Angiopep-2, supporting further development of brain-targeted PROTAC therapeutics.
Key Words:
PROTAC, Angiopep-2, Click Chemistry, Targeted Nanotherapy, Glioblastoma
Presenter 4: Mansi More
Nanovesicles in Broccoli Sprouts for Targeted and Enhanced Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Affiliation: Western New England University
Abstract:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable gastrointestinal disorder. Dietary bioactives such as those from broccoli sprouts have limited application in IBD prevention and management, partly due to their instability in the GI tract and/or inadequate transit into inflammation. This study aimed to investigate if broccoli sprout-derived exosome (BSDExo) can protect bioactives from the upper GI environment and confer selectively targeted delivery of bioactives.
Microparticles and nanoscale exosomes were isolated from broccoli sprout juice by sequential centrifugation. Particle size, polydispersity, and morphology were assessed via dynamic light scattering and SEM. Sulforaphane (SFN) content and release at pH 1.5 and 7.4 were quantified by LC–MS/MS. Surface markers were profiled using an exosome-specific antibody array. Functional studies were performed in normal colon CCD841 CoN, cancer cancer HT-29, HCT-116, Caco-2 cell lines, and mice, assessing cell viability, inflammation-dependent uptake, cytokine secretion, and epithelial barrier integrity.
BSDExo exhibited a mean diameter of 40.1 ± 17.2 nm with spherical morphology and expressed conserved exosomal proteins. They protected sulforaphane (SFN) from degradation under gastric (pH 1.5) and intestinal (pH 7.4) conditions, where SFN release remained below 20% over 12 h. BSDExo significantly promoted the proliferation of normal CCD841 CoN colon epithelial cells at 25 ng/mL, yet did not stimulate growth of colon cancer HT-29, HCT-116, and Caco-2 cells. BSDExo internalization was markedly increased under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced inflammation, in both normal CCD841 and Caco-2 cells. In DSS-induced colitis mice, orally administered fluorescent BSDExo exhibited higher retention in the inflamed colon compared with healthy controls. Stimulation of CCD841 cells with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), LPS, or DSS significantly elevated IL-8 secretion, whereas BSDExo treatment suppressed IL-8 levels and restored them toward non-inflamed baseline. BSDExo also improved epithelial barrier integrity, significantly increasing transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in CCD841 monolayers compromised by LPS or DSS, supporting a role in barrier repair.
Broccoli sprout–derived exosomes constitute an edible nanocarrier system that protect sulforaphane, preferentially interacts with inflamed colon epithelium, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, and promotes epithelial barrier recovery, supporting their development as diet-based nanomedicines for IBD management.
Key Words:
Broccoli sprout, nanomedicine, exosome, targeted delivery, sulforaphane, inflammatory bowel disease
Presenter 5: Sushil Joshi
More Than Digestion: Alternative In Vitro Methods for Evaluating Lipid-Based Formulations
Affiliation: University of Connecticut
Abstract:
Lipid-based formulations (LBFs) represent a vital strategy for formulating the drugs with very low solubility and permeability. However, predicting the in vivo performance of LBFs using in vitro methods remains challenging, thereby hindering their development. A widely used approach is in vitro digestion; while this method performs well for certain formulations, it has notable limitations, including incomplete lipid digestion and dependence on particle size, which can lead to misleading results. To address these unmet needs, in this present study, we systematically evaluated the performance of danazol LBFs using alternative in vitro methods. A range of formulations with varying lipid content, digestibility, and dispersibility was selected from literature, from which corresponding dog bioavailability data were available. Composite digestion media were prepared to assess the equilibrium solubility and precipitation potential of the drug within each formulation. Good agreement was obtained between in vitro results and in vivo data for all formulations except one Gelucire-based formulation. An oil-rich phase was found to form in the presence of excessive long-chain fatty acids, acting as a drug reservoir and effectively reducing precipitation. Owing to preferential drug partitioning into this oil-rich phase, the aqueous drug concentration was reduced, rendering evaluations based solely on aqueous drug concentrations ineffective. The discrepancies observed for the Gelucire formulation were attributed to the absence of an oil-rich phase. To address this, a decanol layer was introduced to create an absorptive sink, which subsequently reduced drug precipitation and resulted in improved agreement with in vivo findings. Overall, the results from this study highlight the critical role of different phases, particularly the oil-rich phase formed after lipid digestion, in determining LBF performance. The solubility and precipitation screening using composite media provides a more holistic assessment of drug distribution across pellet, oil, and the aqueous phase, and may offer improved predictive capability compared to conventional dispersion and digestion methods.
Key Words:
Lipid based formulations, In vitro digestion, Bioavailability, Composite digestion media, Danazol, Gelucire.
